Review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation

The technology deployed for lithium-ion battery state of charge (SOC) estimation is an important part of the design of electric vehicle battery management systems. Accurate SOC estimation can forestall excessive charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries, thereby improving discharge efficiency and extending cycle life. In this study, the key lithium-ion battery SOC estimation technologies are summarized. First, the research status of lithium-ion battery modeling is introduced. Second, the main technologies and difficulties in model parameter identification for lithium-ion batteries are discussed. Third, the development status and advantages and disadvantages of SOC estimation methods are summarized. Finally, the current research problems and prospects for development trends are summarized.     

配电自动化终端配置的双层优化模型

针对现有配电终端配置模型的优化目标中多个指标量纲差异大且寻优效率低的问题,提出了一种配电终端配置双层优化方法。首先对配电终端类型和含配电终端的配电系统可靠性计算进行了分析。其次,建立了配电终端配置双层优化模型。上层优化模型以配电终端配置费用最小为目标,求解配电终端的安装位置。下层优化模型以系统停电损失费用最小为目标,求解配电终端的安装类型。然后,给出了双层优化模型求解方法,上层优化模型应用易实现的二进制粒子群算法求解,下层优化模型采用预设参数较少且寻优效率高的萤火虫算法求解。最后,通过IEEE RBTS BUS2算例系统验证了所提双层优化模型和求解方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于系统动力学的分布式可再生能源激励机制分析

国家和地方的清洁能源发展政策促进了清洁能源装机容量的井喷式增长,碳交易和绿色证书机制虽然都可以对清洁能源发展起到促进作用,但对于分布式和集中式的促进作用则显示出较大的不同。在分析证书价格传导过程的基础上,采用系统动力学方法从集中式可再生能源参与的批发市场和分布式可再生能源参与的零售市场两个层面进行建模,建立了碳排放权交易市场、绿色证书交易市场和电力市场三个宏观市场间的交互模型和包含分布式可再生能源的配电网模型。算例仿真了两种机制下集中式可再生能源、分布式可再生能源的发展轨迹,讨论了碳交易和绿色证书机制的价格设置对分布式可再生能源发展的影响,验证了提出的效益分享机制对分布式可再生能源的促进作用。     

电流差动保护在逆变型新能源场站送出线路中的适应性分析

新能源电源通过电力电子装置并网,其故障特性受控制策略影响而发生根本性变化,传统继电保护原理存在适应性问题。送出线路作为新能源场站电力外送的关键通道,其主保护电流差动保护能否正确动作对于新能源高效利用和系统安全运行十分重要。针对逆变型新能源场站,推导了逆变型新能源电源短路电流表达式,分析了各相短路电流之间的相位关系及其影响因素。在此基础上,分析了送出线路发生不对称短路时电流差动保护在并网系统为强、弱两种情形下的动作性能。研究结果表明,送出线路发生两相短路时,差动保护在并网系统为弱系统时存在拒动的风险、为强系统时灵敏性下降但不会拒动;送出线路发生接地故障时,零序电流的存在使得差动保护在并网系统为强、弱系统时均能可靠灵敏动作。实时数字仿真器(RTDS)试验验证了理论分析。研究结论为逆变型新能源场站送出线路主保护配置提供了参考。     

Modelling of degradation and a soft failure moment during the operation of a supercapacitor applying selected diffusion processes

An important requirement imposed on storage batteries nowadays is to have sufficient capacity. At the same time a high level of availability, reliability and safety is required as well. Our intention is to determine a capacity degradation threshold and the moment the soft failure of a graphite supercapacitor (SC) occurs. If we do not take into account the idle state, the functioning of the supercapacitor might be expressed by charging and discharging processes under different operating conditions given by the allowed extent of SC design. When looking for the degradation threshold and the moment of soft failure occurrence we performed the experimental part of measuring in the climatic chamber. We performed and recorded the processes of SC charges and discharges at different temperatures: 40 °C, 25 °C and  −42 °C and at different charging and discharging currents: 2A, 4A, 6A and 8A. The experimental results were used to model mathematically the SC discharge process. Appropriate tools used for SC discharge are diffusion processes. In this case we apply a Wiener process with drift and an Itô process.     

Failure analysis of nozzle zone before valve of negative pressure chamber from main pipe coolant system in nuclear power plant

Nozzle zone before valve of negative pressure chamber from main pipe coolant system in the secondary circuit of reactor is made of F316 stainless as usual. The butt weld between nozzle and socket in main pipe is the weakest part. If the rupture occurs, it will directly lead to the leakage of main system. One nuclear power plant finds a local penetration crack in the weld of nozzle zone, and it leads to leakage in the inspection. The length of crack is 23.6 mm, nearly 41.7% of the perimeter. In this work, crack morphology observation, composition analysis, metallographic structure observation and hardness measurement are done for the leak part. Analysing with the service environment and force condition, the inner wall of nozzle has a greater stress concentration. It easily leads to fatigue cracking near the fusion line area with poor welding, and the crack extends from inner wall to outer wall. The fatigue crack evolves to corrosion fatigue crack during the crack propagation, and the further advices for use are provided.     

Real-time control of power systems using nodal prices

This article presents a novel control scheme for achieving optimal power balancing and congestion management in electrical power systems via nodal prices. We develop a dynamic controller that guarantees economically optimal steady-state operation while respecting all line flow constraints in steady-state. A benchmark example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

基于统计数据的配网故障修复时长分析

配网故障抢修效率的分析能够及时反映配网运行和管理现状,故障修复时长是故障抢修效率的衡量标志。为此,针对某供电公司2015年配网故障修复时长大幅下降的现象,以统计数据为基础,通过聚类、趋势等分析方法,对其进行月度趋势、地域分布和故障类型分析,透过分析结果查找配网运行和管理方面存在的问题。分析表明,该公司存在配网设备抗击雷电能力较弱、农网架构比较薄弱、低压故障修复时长比较突出、配电线路自动化程度较低等问题。最后,根据问题给出针对性建议,期望对该供电公司进一步缩短配网故障修复时长起到帮助和借鉴作用。     

基于大数据和神经网络的锅炉燃烧含氧量建模研究

提出一种基于大数据的神经网络辨识多输入单输出(Multiple-Input Single-Output,MISO)系统的方法,采集现场运行的锅炉燃烧系统总风量、总煤量、炉膛氧量等历史大数据,首先使用数据平滑、去除趋势性、归一化等步骤进行数据预处理,然后利用近邻法删选出表征系统特性的样本数据集,利用神经网络模型进行训练后挖掘出数据之间的关系,最后在升、降30%负荷的情况下分别进行模型预测。结果表明,虽然只将采集到约0. 658%数据容量进行训练,但在对整个大数据容量进行测试时,模型误差仍在允许的范围内。     

Teager-Kaiser能量算子Blackman-Harris窗三谱线插值的电压闪变参数检测

针对电压闪变的检测,提出了一种基于Teager-Kaiser能量算子和Blackman-Harris窗三谱线插值的闪变参数测量方法。采用能量算子检测出电压波动信号,分析Blackman-Harris窗的旁瓣特性,将闪变包络进行Blackman-Harris窗三谱线插值FFT谱分析与校正,对IEC标准推荐的检波方法进行简化,实现闪变参数的检测分析。通过大量仿真实验证明,在含有单一频率调制、多频率调制、电网基波频率发生偏移、含有谐波、间谐波和白噪声干扰时,文中的检测算法性能优良,相比传统检测方法,算法简单稳定、抗干扰性强,可实现电压闪变参数的在线检测。